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which省略用法

1. 限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略

"which" 在限制性定语从句中充当 宾语(直接宾语或介词后置时的介词宾语)时,可以省略:

  • 直接宾语
  • The book (which) I read yesterday was fascinating.
  • → The book I read yesterday was fascinating.

  • 介词宾语(介词后置时)
  • The house (which) he lives in is old.
  • → The house he lives in is old.

    which省略用法
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    2. 非限制性定语从句中不可省略

    非限制性定语从句(用逗号分隔)中,即使 "which" 作宾语,也不能省略:

  • My car, which I bought la st year, broke down.
  • ✗ 错误:My car, I bought last year, broke down.

    3. 作主语时不可省略

    "which" 在从句中充当主语时,无论是限制性还是非限制性从句,均不可省略:

  • The dog which is barking belongs to my neighbor.
  • ✗ 错误:The dog is barking belongs to my neighbor.

    which省略用法
    (图片来源网络,侵删)

    4. 介词前置时不可省略

    若介词位于 "which" 之前,则不可省略:

  • This is the room in which he stayed.
  • ✗ 错误:This is the room in he stayed.

    但介词后置时可省略:

  • This is the room (which) he stayed in.
  • 5. 特殊结构中的省略

  • 存在句(there be 结构)
  • That’s the only book (which) there is on the topic.
  • → 尽管 "which" 在从句中作主语,但存在句中可省略。

  • 固定搭配或习惯用法
  • The way (in which) he spoke su rprised me.
  • → The way he spoke surprised me.

    6. 省略可能导致歧义的情况

    若省略 "which" 后句意不明确,应保留:

  • The man (who) she said sto le the money was arrested.
  • ➔ 若省略 "who",句子结构不完整(缺少主语),应保留。

    总结

    | 情况 | 是否可省略 | 示例 |

    |--|-|-|

    | 限制性从句中作宾语 | ✔️ | The book (which) I read... |

    | 非限制性从句 | ✖️ | My car, which I bought... |

    | 作主语(任何从句) | ✖️ | The dog which is barking... |

    | 介词前置时 | ✖️ | The room in which he stayed... |

    | 介词后置时 | ✔️ | The house (which) he lives in... |

    | 存在句(there be 结构) | ✔️ | The only book (which) there is... |

    掌握这些规则后,可更灵活地在口语和非正式写作中省略 "which",但需确保句意清晰。在正式写作中,建议谨慎使用省略结构。

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