1. 限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略
当 "which" 在限制性定语从句中充当 宾语(直接宾语或介词后置时的介词宾语)时,可以省略:
→ The book I read yesterday was fascinating.
→ The house he lives in is old.
2. 非限制性定语从句中不可省略
非限制性定语从句(用逗号分隔)中,即使 "which" 作宾语,也不能省略:
✗ 错误:My car, I bought last year, broke down.
3. 作主语时不可省略
当 "which" 在从句中充当主语时,无论是限制性还是非限制性从句,均不可省略:
✗ 错误:The dog is barking belongs to my neighbor.
4. 介词前置时不可省略
若介词位于 "which" 之前,则不可省略:
✗ 错误:This is the room in he stayed.
但介词后置时可省略:
5. 特殊结构中的省略
→ 尽管 "which" 在从句中作主语,但存在句中可省略。
→ The way he spoke surprised me.
6. 省略可能导致歧义的情况
若省略 "which" 后句意不明确,应保留:
➔ 若省略 "who",句子结构不完整(缺少主语),应保留。
总结
| 情况 | 是否可省略 | 示例 |
|--|-|-|
| 限制性从句中作宾语 | ✔️ | The book (which) I read... |
| 非限制性从句 | ✖️ | My car, which I bought... |
| 作主语(任何从句) | ✖️ | The dog which is barking... |
| 介词前置时 | ✖️ | The room in which he stayed... |
| 介词后置时 | ✔️ | The house (which) he lives in... |
| 存在句(there be 结构) | ✔️ | The only book (which) there is... |
掌握这些规则后,可更灵活地在口语和非正式写作中省略 "which",但需确保句意清晰。在正式写作中,建议谨慎使用省略结构。